初中英语语法：There be结构初中英语语法：There be结构
1. there be结构的主谓一致
在英语里表示什么地方或时间存在什么事情就用此结构，句子的结尾往往带有地点状语或时间状语。其中there是引导词，本身没有词意，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。be的数与后面的名词一致，若be后是两个或多个并列的名词，be则与靠得最近的那个名词的数一致。如：
There was a meeting yesterday. 昨天有个会议。
There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.
桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和好些铅笔。
比较：There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk.
2. there be与have的比较
(1) 用法不同：there be
表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。
(2) 结构不同：there be + sb./sth. +时间/地点(副词或介词短语)；sb./sth. + have
+sb./sth. else
There are some children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。
She has three cars. 她拥有三辆汽车。(汽车是属于她的)
注：若是部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表达方式都可以。如：
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。
3. there be的否定和疑问
(1) 否定式：be后面加not(any)或no。如：
There are not any boats on the river. 河上没有船。
(2) 疑问句：是把be移到there的前面来。如：
Are there any boat on the river? 河上有船吗？
Yes, there are..(No, there are not.) 有。（没有。）
注：若有别的助动词时就不一样了，请看(from www.yygrammar)：
There won’t be a football match tomorrow, will there? 明天没有足球赛，对吗？
There usedn’t to be a tall tree here, used/didn’t ther?
以前这里有棵高树，是不是？
There seems to be something wrong with you, doesn’t there?
你好像有些不舒服，对吗？
There happened to be a well there, didn’t there? 那里碰巧有口井，是不是？
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there be 句型中考考点
考点一：对there be基本理念的考查
1.—What did you see on the desk then?
—There ________ a bottle of orange.
[03北京宣武区]
A. was B. were C. has D. had
2. There ________ an English film here tomorrow. [04武汉]
A. has B. is going to be C. will have
3. There used to have few tall buildings around our village. (找错并改正)
A B C D
[03陕西]
4.—What’s on the plate?
—There ________ some bread on it.
[03吉林]
A. is B. are C. has D. have
[扫描1]
根据句子的时间状语或上下文暗示、衔接等，在初中阶段be的形式不外乎有这么几种：
①现在时(is / are)、过去时(was / were)、将来时(will be)、完成时(have / has / had been)；
②可以与情态动词连用，组成there +情态动词+be的形式，表推测语气；
③可与seem, appear, used to等状态词连用，构成there seems / appears / used to be...；
答案要点：
1.题中的问句用了过去时，又因为答语中为“一瓶桔子汁”，故答案为A。
2.题中有一个表示将来的tomorrow，又因为there be的形式中不能用助动词have，故答案为B。
3.题错误之处为C，应改为be。
4.题中some bread为不可数名词，应选A。
考点二：考查there be句型的临近一致性
1. There ________ a pencil on the desk and you may use it. [03北京石景山区]
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2. There ________ two knives in the pencilbox. [03哈尔滨]
A. are B. be C. is D. am
3. There ________ a pair of shoes under the bed. The shoes ________ mine. [04兰州]
A. is；are B. is；is C. are；is D. are；are
[扫描2]
be的形式受后面靠近它的主语在人称和数上的制约，必须采取就近原则，与临近的主语保持一致，必须看清楚there后跟的是可数名词，还是不可数名词。还必须注意既有可数名词又有不可数名词的时候，be的形式的临近一致性。如:There is a bag of rice, two baskets of apples and three people under the tree.
答案要点：
1. a pencil为可数名词单数形式，可从A、C中选，又从and you may use it可以得出，选择A。
2.句中有two knives，名词复数，故选A。
3. a pair of修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词要用单数形式，而shoes是可数名词复数，故答案为A。
考点三：考查there be和have/has表示“有”的含义时的区别
1. There ________ two pictures on the wall.
[03北京大兴区]
A. is B. have C. are D. has
2. There ________ a football game in our school next week. [03新疆生产建设兵团]
A. has B. is going to be C. have D. is going to have
3. There________ a football match on TV this evening. [04陕西]
A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have
4. There is going to have a football match next Friday afternoon.
A B C D
(找错并改正)[04南京]
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[扫描3]
英语中表示“有”的含义时可以用there be句型,也可以用have/has(got)表达，但二者在用法上有根本的区别：
there be句型表示存在，即某处有某物；have/has (got)表示所有、拥有，即某人(物)有……。如：
They have a beautiful home.
I’ve got an idea.
在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has替代。
答案要点：根据以上分析可得：1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B(应把have改成be)
考点四：考查there be的反意疑问句
1. There is a beautiful clock on the wall, ________? [03桂林]
A. isn’t there B. is there C. isn’t it D. doesn’t it
2. There is little milk in the bottle, ________? [03广东]
A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t there D. is there
3. There was no time for the twins to go shopping, ________ ________?(完成反意疑问句) [03哈尔滨]
[扫描4]
there be句型的反意疑问句必须用there进行反问，这时需要注意的是there be句型中是否有seldom, hardly, little, few, no, nothing, nobody之类的否定词或半否定词，若有，则该部分应看成是否定的，反意疑问部分必须用肯定式。如果there be中带有否定的前缀的词，则该部分应看成肯定式，反意疑问部分仍要用否定形式。如: There was an unusual bike under the tree, wasn’t there?
答案要点：根据扫描4可得，1. A 2. D 3. was there
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